Geodesic
The influence of the doped crystal parameters on the efficiency of laser cooling
Učënye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Fiziko-matematičeskie nauki, Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Fiziko-Matematicheskie Nauki, Tome 152 (2010) no. 3, pp. 106-111

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An expression for cooling efficiency has been obtained for rare-earth ions in a doped crystal within the four-level approximation. Based on the analysis of its values the dependence of cooling efficiency on the concentration and splitting of the levels of doped ions has been investigated. The conclusions have been made regarding the applicability of doped crystals for laser cooling of solids.
Keywords: laser cooling, ions of rare-earth elements, doped crystals. 
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     author = {A. E. Mikhailov and S. V. Petrushkin},
     title = {The influence of the doped crystal parameters on the efficiency of laser cooling},
     journal = {U\v{c}\"enye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seri\^a Fiziko-matemati\v{c}eskie nauki},
     pages = {106--111},
     publisher = {mathdoc},
     volume = {152},
     number = {3},
     year = {2010},
     language = {ru},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/UZKU_2010_152_3_a15/}
}
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A. E. Mikhailov; S. V. Petrushkin. The influence of the doped crystal parameters on the efficiency of laser cooling. Učënye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Fiziko-matematičeskie nauki, Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Fiziko-Matematicheskie Nauki, Tome 152 (2010) no. 3, pp. 106-111. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/UZKU_2010_152_3_a15/