Geodesic
Algebraic Structure of the Space of Homotopy Classes of Cycles and Singular Homology
Informatics and Automation, Algebraic geometry: Methods, relations, and applications, Tome 246 (2004), pp. 142-146

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The algebraic structure on the space of homotopy classes of cycles with marked topological flags of disks is described. This space is a noncommutative monoid, with an abelian quotient corresponding to the group of singular homologies $H_k(M)$. For a marked flag contracted to a point, the multiplication becomes commutative, and the subgroup of spherical cycles corresponds to the usual homotopy group $\pi_k(M)$. 
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     author = {V. V. Dolotin},
     title = {Algebraic {Structure} of the {Space} of {Homotopy} {Classes} of {Cycles} and {Singular} {Homology}},
     journal = {Informatics and Automation},
     pages = {142--146},
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     volume = {246},
     year = {2004},
     language = {ru},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/TRSPY_2004_246_a8/}
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V. V. Dolotin. Algebraic Structure of the Space of Homotopy Classes of Cycles and Singular Homology. Informatics and Automation, Algebraic geometry: Methods, relations, and applications, Tome 246 (2004), pp. 142-146. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/TRSPY_2004_246_a8/