Geodesic
Spectrum of the Second Variation
Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova, Optimal control and differential equations, Tome 304 (2019), pp. 32-48.

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Second variation of a smooth optimal control problem at a regular extremal is a symmetric Fredholm operator. We study the asymptotics of the spectrum of this operator and give an explicit expression for its determinant in terms of solutions of the Jacobi equation. In the case of the least action principle for the harmonic oscillator, we obtain the classical Euler identity $\prod _{n=1}^\infty (1-x^2/(\pi n)^2)= \sin x/x$. The general case may serve as a rich source of new nice identities. 
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A. A. Agrachev. Spectrum of the Second Variation. Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova, Optimal control and differential equations, Tome 304 (2019), pp. 32-48. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/TM_2019_304_a2/

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