A min-type stochastic fixed-point equation related to the smoothing transformation

Gerold Alsmeyer ; Matthias Meiners

Teoriâ slučajnyh processov, Tome 15 (2009) no. 2, pp. 19-41

Résumé

This paper is devoted to the study of the stochastic fixed-point equation \begin{equation*} X\ \stackrel{d}{=}\ \inf_{i \geq 1: T_i > 0} X_i/T_i \end{equation*} and the connection with its additive counterpart $X\stackrel{d}{=}\sum_{i\ge 1}T_{i}X_{i}$ associated with the smoothing transformation. Here $\stackrel{d}{=}$ means equality in distribution, $T := (T_i)_{i \geq 1}$ is a given sequence of non-negative random variables, and $X, X_1, \ldots$ is a sequence of non-negative i.i.d. random variables independent of $T$. We draw attention to the question of the existence of non-trivial solutions and, in particular, of special solutions named $\alpha$-regular solutions $(\alpha>0)$. We give a complete answer to the question of when $\alpha$-regular solutions exist and prove that they are always mixtures of Weibull distributions or certain periodic variants. We also give a complete characterization of all fixed points of this kind. A disintegration method which leads to the study of certain multiplicative martingales and a pathwise renewal equation after a suitable transform are the key tools for our analysis. Finally, we provide corresponding results for the fixed points of the related additive equation mentioned above. To some extent, these results have been obtained earlier by Iksanov.

Détail

Keywords: Branching random walk; elementary fixed points; multiplicative martingales; smoothing transformation; stochastic fixed-point equation.