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The construction of a category of spans can be made in some categories A which do not have pullbacks in the traditional sense. The PROP for monoids is a good example of such an A. The 2012 book concerning homological algebra by Marco Grandis gives the proof of associativity of relations in a Puppe-exact category based on a 1967 paper of M.S. Calenko. The proof here is a restructuring of that proof in the spirit of the first sentence of this Abstract. We observe that these relations are spans of EM-spans and that EM-spans admit fake pullbacks so that spans of EM-spans compose. Our setting is more general than Puppe-exact categories. We mention the formalism of distributive laws which, in a generalized form, would cover our setting.
@article{TAC_2021_36_a3, author = {Ross Street}, title = {Span composition using fake pullbacks}, journal = {Theory and applications of categories}, pages = {102--117}, publisher = {mathdoc}, volume = {36}, year = {2021}, language = {en}, url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/TAC_2021_36_a3/} }
Ross Street. Span composition using fake pullbacks. Theory and applications of categories, The Rosebrugh Festschrift, Tome 36 (2021), pp. 102-117. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/TAC_2021_36_a3/