On radius 2 trees with the maximum number of matchings

N. A. Kuzmin

Žurnal Srednevolžskogo matematičeskogo obŝestva, Tome 22 (2020) no. 2, pp. 177-187

Résumé

A matching in a graph is any set of its pairwise non-adjacent edges. In this paper, we consider and solve the maximization problem of the matchings number in radius $\le2$ trees of a given number of vertices. For any $n\ge 56$, where $n=3k+r$ and $k\in{\mathbb N},r\in \{0,1,2\}$, an extremal tree is unique and it is a join of a vertex with the central vertices in $b$ copies of $P_3$ and with leaf vertices in $a$ copies of $P_2$, where $b = k+\dfrac{r - 1 - 2a}{3}$ and $(r,a)\in \{(0,1),(1,0),(2,2)\}$. For any $6\le n\le 55$, a corresponding extremal tree is also unique (except $n=8$, where there are two such trees) and it has a similar structure. For any $1\le n\le 5$, a unique extremal tree is the path on $n$ vertices. To prove these facts, we propose some graph transformations, increasing the matchings number and keeping the vertices number. The author hopes that these transformations will be useful for solving similar problems in other classes of graphs.

Détail

Keywords: extremal graph theory, matching, tree, maximum tree, molecular graphs, ordinary graphs.