The Earth is a large magnet and has a magnetosphere that largely protects it from the influence
of the interplanetary magnetic field and the charged particles of the solar wind. Charged particles from
active regions and coronal holes that are in a geoeffective position on the Sun move along the lines of the
interplanetary magnetic field and reach the Earth's magnetosphere and cause geomagnetic disturbances
and storms. The variability of the Earth's magnetic field is an indicator of the influence of Solar activity
on the terrestrial system. The development and application of space technology has provided a lot of
valuable instrumental data on the activity of the Sun and its influence on the Earth's magnetic and electric
fields. This has contributed to the expansion of knowledge and their connection with the mechanism of
meteorological processes in the Earth's atmosphere. The entry of charged particles of the solar wind into
the Earth's atmosphere causes the appearance of various light-electromagnetic phenomena, starting from
auroras, through ordinary lightning, to a multitude of other phenomena that are not easily accessible to the
human eye and have been discovered with the development of space and computer technology. Over the
last few decades, other forms of auroras and phenomena called blue jets, elves and sprite have been
discovered. These light phenomena occur in the higher layers of the atmosphere (stratosphere and
ionosphere) as a short-lived flash. The mechanism of lightning in the troposphere is similar to the
formation of lightning and auroras in the stratosphere. The charged particles of the solar wind throw out
electrons from the atoms of chemical elements in the air, and then the electrons, when returning to their
original energy level in the atom, quickly release energy in the form of light. Flashes (lightning) in the
higher layers are an indicator of the entry of charged particles from the Sun, and those in the troposphere
are also associated with meteorological phenomena, primarily with thunderclouds.
