Geodesic
Synthesis of GdFeO$_{3}$ nanoparticles via low-temperature reverse co-precipitation: the effect of strong agglomeration on the magnetic behavior
Nanosistemy: fizika, himiâ, matematika, Tome 11 (2020) no. 2, pp. 252-259.

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Gadolinium orthoferrite (GdFeO$_{3}$) seems to have potential as a dual-modal contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thus its preparation in the form of ultrafine superparamagnetic nanoparticles is currently of great interest. In this work, nanocrystalline GdFeO$_{3}$ was successfully synthesized by the heat treatment (750$^{\circ}$C, 4 h) of gadolinium and iron(III) hydroxides reversely co-precipitated at low temperature (0$^{\circ}$C). Initial and resulting powders were analyzed by EDX, SEM, PXRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibration magnetometry, etc. Gadolinium orthoferrite was formed as isometric nanocrystals with an average size of 23$\pm$3 nm, which were strongly agglomerated into clusters of about 200 nm in diameter. It was shown that the individual GdFeO$_{3}$ nanocrystals are superparamagnetic, but in the cluster form, they exhibit a collective weak ferromagnetic behavior. After ultrasonic-assisted disintegration of GdFeO$_{3}$ to a colloidal solution form, these clusters remained stable due to their strong agglomeration and low zeta potential value of 1 mV. Thus, it is concluded that the further use of the synthesized GdFeO$_{3}$ nanoparticles as a basis of MRI contrast agents will be possible only after the suppression of their clustering.
Keywords: gadolinium orthoferrite, colloidal solutions, magnetic resonance imaging, contrast agents.
Mots-clés : nanoparticles 
@article{NANO_2020_11_2_a16,
     author = {Ya. Albadi and K. D. Martinson and A. V. Shvidchenko and I. V. Buryanenko and V. G. Semenov and V. I. Popkov},
     title = {Synthesis of {GdFeO}$_{3}$ nanoparticles via low-temperature reverse co-precipitation: the effect of strong agglomeration on the magnetic behavior},
     journal = {Nanosistemy: fizika, himi\^a, matematika},
     pages = {252--259},
     publisher = {mathdoc},
     volume = {11},
     number = {2},
     year = {2020},
     language = {en},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/NANO_2020_11_2_a16/}
}
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%A V. I. Popkov
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Ya. Albadi; K. D. Martinson; A. V. Shvidchenko; I. V. Buryanenko; V. G. Semenov; V. I. Popkov. Synthesis of GdFeO$_{3}$ nanoparticles via low-temperature reverse co-precipitation: the effect of strong agglomeration on the magnetic behavior. Nanosistemy: fizika, himiâ, matematika, Tome 11 (2020) no. 2, pp. 252-259. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/NANO_2020_11_2_a16/