Geodesic
Difference specification of substitutions and partitions in a residue ring
Matematičeskie voprosy kriptografii, Tome 5 (2014) no. 1, pp. 127-150 
V. N. Sachkov. Difference specification of substitutions and partitions in a residue ring. Matematičeskie voprosy kriptografii, Tome 5 (2014) no. 1, pp. 127-150. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/MVK_2014_5_1_a6/
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     author = {V. N. Sachkov},
     title = {Difference specification of substitutions and partitions in a~residue ring},
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Voir la notice de l'article provenant de la source Math-Net.Ru

The difference specification of a substitution $s\in S_n$ may be defined as an unordered multiset of differences $\Delta_i\equiv(s(i)-i)(\operatorname{mod}n)$, $1\le i\le n$; the number of unappeared differences is called a deficit of substitution. We find formulas for the number of all possible difference specifications and for the number of difference specifications for substitutions with given deficit. Under some conditions exact and asymptotic distributions of the deficit are found.

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