Geodesic
A model of averaged molecular viscosity for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids
Žurnal Sibirskogo federalʹnogo universiteta. Matematika i fizika, Tome 7 (2014) no. 1, pp. 46-57

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A novel turbulence model for flows of viscoplastic fluid is presented. It is based on the Reynolds-Averaged approach. A closed model for the averaged viscosity that takes into account its nonlinear dependence on the fluctuating rate of deformation tensor is proposed. Test calculations were performed for power-law fluid and Herschel–Bulkley fluid flows in a straight round pipe. Numerical data obtained with the use of the proposed model are compared with the results of direct numerical simulations. The proposed model adequately describes the reduction in the turbulent transport of momentum with decreasing power-law index and with increasing yield stress of the fluid.
Keywords: shear-thinning fluids, Reynolds averaging, turbulent flow models, finite volume method. 
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     author = {Andrey A. Gavrilov and Valeriy Ya. Rudyak},
     title = {A model of averaged molecular viscosity for turbulent flow of {non-Newtonian} fluids},
     journal = {\v{Z}urnal Sibirskogo federalʹnogo universiteta. Matematika i fizika},
     pages = {46--57},
     publisher = {mathdoc},
     volume = {7},
     number = {1},
     year = {2014},
     language = {en},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/JSFU_2014_7_1_a4/}
}
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Andrey A. Gavrilov; Valeriy Ya. Rudyak. A model of averaged molecular viscosity for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids. Žurnal Sibirskogo federalʹnogo universiteta. Matematika i fizika, Tome 7 (2014) no. 1, pp. 46-57. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/JSFU_2014_7_1_a4/