Evaluation of the influence of white spot lesion on the mechanical properties of human tooth enamel and dentine

E. V. Sadyrin ; D. V. Yogina ; A. S. Vasiliev ; S. M. Aizikovich

Izvestiya of Saratov University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Informatics, Tome 22 (2022) no. 3, pp. 346-359.

Résumé

In the present paper the influence of early caries (white spot lesion) on the mechanical properties of human tooth enamel and dentine was ex vivo investigated. Optical microscopy made it possible to study the shape of the enamel caries area on a prepared longitudinal section of a human molar. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of each of the areas that are important from a practical point of view for a dental clinician (pathological enamel, dentine in its vicinity, sound enamel and sound dentine in its vicinity) was carried out using nanoindentation. In addition, maps of the mechanical properties were constructed for the section of the tooth containing the area of pathological enamel, enamel in its vicinity, the adjacent dentine-enamel junction and dentine in its vicinity. In the course of the analysis of the results of indentation by the Oliver – Pharr method, a decrease in the values of the reduced Young's modulus and indentation hardness was found both for the focus of the caries of the enamel, and for the visually sound enamel adjacent to this focus, as well as for the dentine in their vicinity, for which the diagrams “indentation force – indentation depth” demonstrated a violation of the load resistance mechanism. To describe the reasons for the decrease in the mechanical properties of tissues, scanning electron microscopy of pathological areas was used.

Bibliographie

[1] Habelitz S., Marshall S. J., Marshall Jr. G. W., Balooch M., “Mechanical properties of human dental enamel on the nanometre scale”, Archives of Oral Biology, 46:2 (2001), 173–183 | DOI

[2] He L. H., Fujisawa N., Swain M. W., “Elastic modulus and stress-strain response of human enamel by nano-indentation”, Biomaterials, 27:24 (2006), 4388–4398 | DOI

[3] Mikaelyan N. P., Komarov O. S., Biochemistry of Oral Hard Tissues in Normal and Pathological Conditions, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Publ, M., 2019, 71 pp. (in Russian)

[4] Eşian D., Man A., Burlibaşa L., Burlibaşa M., Perieanu M. V., Bicǎ C., “Salivary level of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. related to a high risk of caries disease”, Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 22:2 (2017), 12496–12503

[5] Al-Shahrani M., “Microbiology of dental caries: A literature review”, Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 9:4 (2019), 655–659

[6] Ritter A. V., Heymann H. O., Swift E. J. Jr., Sturdevant J. R., Wilder A. D. Jr., “Clinical evaluation of an all-in-one adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions with different degrees of dentin sclerosis”, Operative Dentistry, 33:4 (2008), 370–378 | DOI

[7] Purdell-Lewis D. J., Groeneveld A., Arends J., “Hardness tests on sound enamel and artificially demineralized white spot lesions”, Caries Research, 10:3 (1976), 201–215 | DOI

[8] Featherstone J. D. B., Ten Cate J. M., Shariati M., Arends J., “Comparison of artificial caries-like lesions by quantitative microradiography and microhardness profiles”, Caries Research, 17:5 (1983), 385–391 | DOI

[9] Golovin Y. I., “Nanoindentation and mechanical properties of solids in submicrovolumes, thin near-surface layers, and films: A Review”, Physics of the Solid State, 50:12 (2008), 2205–2236 | DOI

[10] Oliver W. C., Pharr G. M., “An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments”, Journal of Materials Research, 7:6 (1992), 1564–1583 | DOI

[11] Angker L., Nockolds C., Swain M. V., Kilpatrick N., “Correlating the mechanical properties to the mineral content of carious dentine — a comparative study using an ultra-micro indentation system (UMIS) and SEM-BSE signals”, Archives of Oral Biology, 49:5 (2004), 369–378 | DOI

[12] Marangos O., Misra A., Spencer P., Bohaty B., Katz J. L., “Physico-mechanical properties determination using microscale homotopic measurements: Application to sound and cariesaffected primary tooth dentin”, Acta Biomaterialia, 5:4 (2009), 1338–1348 | DOI

[13] Shibata Y., He L. H., Kataoka Y., Miyazaki T., Swain M. V., “Micromechanical property recovery of human carious dentin achieved with colloidal nano-$\beta$-tricalcium phosphate”, Journal of Dental Research, 87:3 (2008), 233–237 | DOI

[14] Huang T. T. Y., He L. H., Darendeliler M. A., Swain M. V., “Nano-indentation characterisation of natural carious white spot lesions”, Caries Research, 44:2 (2010), 101–107 | DOI

[15] Schwendicke F., Eggers K., Meyer-Lueckel H., Dörfer C., Kovalev A., Gorb S., Paris S., “In vitro Induction of residual caries lesions in dentin: comparative mineral loss and nano-hardness analysis”, Caries Research, 49:3 (2015), 259–265 | DOI

[16] Bertassoni L. E., Swain M. V., “Removal of dentin non-collagenous structures results in the unraveling of microfibril bundles in collagen type I”, Connective Tissue Research, 58:5 (2017), 414–423 | DOI

[17] Cuy J. L., Mann A. B., Livi K. J., Teaford M. F., Weihs T. P., “Nanoindentation mapping of the mechanical properties of human molar tooth enamel”, Archives of Oral Biology, 47:4 (2002), 281–291 | DOI

[18] Fong H., Sarikaya M., White S. N., Snead M. L., “Nano-mechanical properties profiles across dentin-enamel junction of human incisor teeth”, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 7:2 (1999), 119–128 | DOI

[19] Xue J., Li W., Swain M. V., “In vitro demineralization of human enamel natural and abraded surfaces: A micromechanical and SEM investigation”, Journal of Dentistry, 37:4 (2009), 264–272 | DOI

[20] Yanagisawa T., Miake Y., “High-resolution electron microscopy of enamel-crystal demineralization and remineralization in carious lesions”, Journal of Electron Microscopy, 52:6 (2003), 605–613 | DOI

[21] Yun F., Swain M. V., Chen H., Cairney J., Qu J., Sha G., Li H., Ringer S. P., Han Y., Liu L., Zhang X., Zheng R., “Nanoscale pathways for human tooth decay – Central planar defect, organic-rich precipitate and high-angle grain boundary”, Biomaterials, 235 (2020), 119748 pp. | DOI

[22] Stankoska K., Sarram L., Smith S., Bedran-Russo A. K., Little C. B., Swain M. V., Bertassoni L. E., “Immunolocalization and distribution of proteoglycans in carious dentine”, Australian Dental Journal, 61:3 (2016), 288–297 | DOI

[23] Sadyrin E. V., Kislyakov E. A., Karotkiyan R. V., Yogina D. V., Drogan E. G., Swain M. V., Maksyukov S. Yu., Nikolaev A. L., Aizikovich S. M., “Influence of citric acid concentration and etching time on enamel surface roughness of prepared human tooth: in vitro study”, Plasticity, Damage and Fracture in Advanced Materials, Advanced Structured Materials, 121, eds. H. Altenbach, M. Brünig, Z. Kowalewski, Springer, Cham, 2020, 135–150 | DOI

[24] Sadyrin E. V., Mitrin B. I., Yogina D. V., Swain M. V., “Preliminary study of distribution of mechanical properties and mineral density by depth of liquid saturated carious dentine”, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 102 (2021), 012056 | DOI

[25] Sadyrin E. V., “Correlating the mechanical properties of the mineral density of brown spot lesion in dentine using nanoindentation and X-ray micro-tomography”, Advanced Materials Modelling for Mechanical, Medical and Biological Applications, Advanced Structured Materials, 155, eds. H. Altenbach, V. A. Eremeyev, A. Galybin, A. Vasiliev, Springer, Cham, 2022, 389–398 | DOI