Spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern matrices
The electronic journal of linear algebra, Tome 18 (2009), pp. 674-692.

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Summary: An n $\times n$ complex sign pattern matrix S is said to be spectrallyarbitraryif for everymonic nth degree polynomial $f(\lambda )$ with coefficients from C, there is a complex matrix in the complex sign pattern class of S such that its characteristic polynomial is $f(\lambda )$. If S is a spectrally arbitrarycomplex sign pattern matrix, and no proper subpattern of S is spectrallyarbitrary, then S is a minimal spectrallyarbitrarycomplex sign pattern matrix. This paper extends the Nilpotent- Jacobian method for sign pattern matrices to complex sign pattern matrices, establishing a means to show that an irreducible complex sign pattern matrix and all its superpatterns are spectrally arbitrary. This method is then applied to prove that for every n $\geq 2$ there exists an n$\times n$ irreducible, spectrallyarbitrarycomplex sign pattern with exactly3 n nonzero entries. In addition, it is shown that every n $\times n$ irreducible, spectrallyarbitrarycomplex sign pattern matrix has at least 3n - 1 nonzero entries.
Classification : 15A18, 05C15
Keywords: complex sign pattern, spectrallyarbitrarypattern, nilpotent
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     author = {Gao, Yubin and Shao, Yanling and Fan, Yizheng},
     title = {Spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern matrices},
     journal = {The electronic journal of linear algebra},
     pages = {674--692},
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     volume = {18},
     year = {2009},
     language = {en},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/ELA_2009__18__a9/}
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Gao, Yubin; Shao, Yanling; Fan, Yizheng. Spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern matrices. The electronic journal of linear algebra, Tome 18 (2009), pp. 674-692. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/ELA_2009__18__a9/