Geodesic
All Tight Descriptions of 3-Stars in 3-Polytopes with Girth 5
Discussiones Mathematicae. Graph Theory, Tome 37 (2017) no. 1, pp. 5-12

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Lebesgue (1940) proved that every 3-polytope P5 of girth 5 has a path of three vertices of degree 3. Madaras (2004) refined this by showing that every P5 has a 3-vertex with two 3-neighbors and the third neighbor of degree at most 4. This description of 3-stars in P5s is tight in the sense that no its parameter can be strengthened due to the dodecahedron combined with the existence of a P5 in which every 3-vertex has a 4-neighbor. We give another tight description of 3-stars in P5s: there is a vertex of degree at most 4 having three 3-neighbors. Furthermore, we show that there are only these two tight descriptions of 3-stars in P5s. Also, we give a tight description of stars with at least three rays in P5s and pose a problem of describing all such descriptions. Finally, we prove a structural theorem about P5s that might be useful in further research.
Keywords: 3-polytope, planar graph, structure properties, k -star 
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Borodin, Oleg V.; Ivanova, Anna O. All Tight Descriptions of 3-Stars in 3-Polytopes with Girth 5. Discussiones Mathematicae. Graph Theory, Tome 37 (2017) no. 1, pp. 5-12. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/DMGT_2017_37_1_a0/