Geodesic
Homotopy properties of curves
Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae, Tome 39 (1998) no. 3, pp. 573-580.

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Conditions are investigated that imply noncontractibility of curves. In particular, a plane noncontractible dendroid is constructed which contains no homotopically fixed subset. A new concept of a homotopically steady subset of a space is introduced and its connections with other related concepts are studied.
Classification : 54E40, 54F15, 54F50, 54H99, 55M99
Keywords: continuum; contractible; curve; deformation; dendroid; fixed; homotopy; steady 
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     title = {Homotopy properties of curves},
     journal = {Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae},
     pages = {573--580},
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     zbl = {0962.54027},
     language = {en},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/CMUC_1998__39_3_a12/}
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Charatonik, Janusz J.; Illanes, Alejandro. Homotopy properties of curves. Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae, Tome 39 (1998) no. 3, pp. 573-580. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/CMUC_1998__39_3_a12/