Most principal permutation classes, and t-stack sortable permutations, have nonrational generating functions
Acta mathematica Universitatis Comenianae, Tome 88 (2019) no. 3, pp. 481-487
Miklós Bóna; Miklós Bóna. Most principal permutation classes, and t-stack sortable permutations,  have nonrational generating functions. Acta mathematica Universitatis Comenianae, Tome 88 (2019) no. 3, pp. 481-487. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/AMUC_2019_88_3_a19/
@article{AMUC_2019_88_3_a19,
     author = {Mikl\'os B\'ona and Mikl\'os B\'ona},
     title = { Most principal permutation classes, and t-stack sortable permutations,  have nonrational generating functions},
     journal = {Acta mathematica Universitatis Comenianae},
     pages = {481--487},
     year = {2019},
     volume = {88},
     number = {3},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/AMUC_2019_88_3_a19/}
}
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We prove that for any fixed $n$, and for most permutation patterns $q$, the number $\textup{Av}_{n,\ell}(q)$ of $q$-avoiding permutations of length $n$ that consist of $\ell$ skew blocks is a monotone decreasing function of $\ell$. We then show that this implies that for most patterns $q$, the generating function $\sum_{n\geq 0} \textup{Av}_n(q)z^n$ of the sequence $\textup{Av}_n(q)$ of the numbers of $q$-avoiding permutations is not rational. Placing our results in a broader context, we show that for rational power series $F(z)$ and $G(z)$ with nonnegative real coefficients, the relation $F(z)=1/(1-G(z))$ is supercritical, while for most permutation patterns $q$, the corresponding relation is not supercritical.