Congruence Relationships for Integral Recurrences
Canadian mathematical bulletin, Tome 5 (1962) no. 3, pp. 281-284

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A sequence {un}, n=0, 1, 2, 3,... is said to be an integral recurrence of order r if the terms satisfy the equation for n=r+1, r+2,..., and a1, a2,..., ar are integers, ar≠0. In this case we will say that {un} satisfies the relation [a1, a2,..., ar]. The sequence {un} is uniquely determined when u1, u2,..., ur are given specified values. If u1, u2,..., ur are integers all the terms of {un} are integers. The generating function f(t)=u1t + u2t2+... takes on the form where Q(t) depends on the values of u1, u2,..., ur and R(t)=tr-a1tr-1-a2tr-2-...-ar. We will refer to R(t) as the characteristic polynomial of the recurrence.
Mendelsohn, N. S. Congruence Relationships for Integral Recurrences. Canadian mathematical bulletin, Tome 5 (1962) no. 3, pp. 281-284. doi: 10.4153/CMB-1962-028-9
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     title = {Congruence {Relationships} for {Integral} {Recurrences}},
     journal = {Canadian mathematical bulletin},
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     year = {1962},
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     doi = {10.4153/CMB-1962-028-9},
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