Geodesic
S-Maximal Subgroups of π l(M3)
Canadian journal of mathematics, Tome 24 (1972) no. 3, pp. 439-449

Voir la notice de l'article provenant de la source Cambridge University Press

Let M be a compact, connected, irreducible 3-manifold. Let S be a closed, connected, 2-manifold other than the 2-sphere or projective plane. Let f be a map of S into M such that Suppose for every closed, connected surface S1 and every map g:S1 → M such that(1) is an injection, (1) Then we shall say that the subgroup is a surface maximal or S-maximal subgroup of π1(M). We may also say that the map f is S-maximal.Let M be an irreducible 3-manifold which does not admit any embedding of the projective plane. Then we shall say that M is p2-irreducible. Throughout this paper all spaces will be simplicial complexes and all maps will be piecewise linear. 
Feustel, C. D. S-Maximal Subgroups of π l(M3). Canadian journal of mathematics, Tome 24 (1972) no. 3, pp. 439-449. doi: 10.4153/CJM-1972-037-0
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