Geodesic
A-trails of embedded graphs and twisted duals
Ars Mathematica Contemporanea, Tome 22 (2022) no. 2, article no. 06, 16 p.

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Kotzig showed that every connected 4-regular plane graph has an A-trail—an Eulerian circuit that turns either left or right at each vertex. However, this statement is not true for Eulerian plane graphs and determining if an Eulerian plane graph has an A-trail is NP-hard. The aim of this paper is to give a characterization of Eulerian embedded graphs having an A-trail. Andersen et al. showed the existence of orthogonal pairs of A-trails in checkerboard colourable 4-regular graphs embedded on the plane, torus and projective plane. A problem posed in their paper is to characterize Eulerian embedded graphs (not necessarily checkerboard colourable) which contain two orthogonal A-trails. In this article, we solve this problem in terms of twisted duals. Several related results are also obtained.
DOI : 10.26493/1855-3974.2053.c7b
Keywords: Embedded graphs, twisted duals, Eulerian, A-trails, checkerboard colourable 
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Qi Yan; Xian'an Jin. A-trails of embedded graphs and twisted duals. Ars Mathematica Contemporanea, Tome 22 (2022) no. 2, article  no. 06, 16 p. doi : 10.26493/1855-3974.2053.c7b. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/articles/10.26493/1855-3974.2053.c7b/

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