Geodesic
The directed distance dimension of oriented graphs
Mathematica Bohemica, Tome 125 (2000) no. 2, pp. 155-168.

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For a vertex $v$ of a connected oriented graph $D$ and an ordered set $W = \{w_1,w_2,\cdots,w_k\}$ of vertices of $D$, the (directed distance) representation of $v$ with respect to $W$ is the ordered $k$-tuple $r(v\bigm|W) = ( d(v, w_1), d(v, w_2), \cdots, d(v, w_k) )$, where $d(v, w_i)$ is the directed distance from $v$ to $w_i$. The set $W$ is a resolving set for $D$ if every two distinct vertices of $D$ have distinct representations. The minimum cardinality of a resolving set for $D$ is the (directed distance) dimension $\dim(D)$ of $D$. The dimension of a connected oriented graph need not be defined. Those oriented graphs with dimension 1 are characterized. We discuss the problem of determining the largest dimension of an oriented graph with a fixed order. It is shown that if the outdegree of every vertex of a connected oriented graph $D$ of order $n$ is at least 2 and $\dim(D)$ is defined, then $\dim(D) \leq n-3$ and this bound is sharp.
DOI : 10.21136/MB.2000.125961
Classification : 05C12, 05C20
Keywords: oriented graphs; directed distance; resolving sets; dimension 
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Chartrand, Gary; Raines, Michael; Zhang, Ping. The directed distance dimension of oriented graphs. Mathematica Bohemica, Tome 125 (2000) no. 2, pp. 155-168. doi : 10.21136/MB.2000.125961. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/articles/10.21136/MB.2000.125961/

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