Nonassociative triples in involutory loops and in loops of small order
Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae, Tome 61 (2020) no. 4, pp. 459-479.

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A loop of order $n$ possesses at least $3n^2-3n+1$ associative triples. However, no loop of order $n>1$ that achieves this bound seems to be known. If the loop is involutory, then it possesses at least $3n^2-2n$ associative triples. Involutory loops with $3n^2-2n$ associative triples can be obtained by prolongation of certain maximally nonassociative quasigroups whenever $n-1$ is a prime greater than or equal to $13$ or $n-1=p^{2k}$, $p$ an odd prime. For orders $n\le 9$ the minimum number of associative triples is reported for both general and involutory loops, and the structure of the corresponding loops is described.
DOI : 10.14712/1213-7243.2020.037
Classification : 05B15, 20N05
Keywords: quasigroup; loop; prolongation; involutory loop; associative triple; maximally nonassociative
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Drápal, Aleš; Hora, Jan. Nonassociative triples in involutory loops and in loops of small order. Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae, Tome 61 (2020) no. 4, pp. 459-479. doi : 10.14712/1213-7243.2020.037. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/articles/10.14712/1213-7243.2020.037/

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