Exponential self-similar mixing by incompressible flows

Alberti, Giovanni¹ ; Crippa, Gianluca² ; Mazzucato, Anna³

¹ Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pisa, largo Pontecorvo 5, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
² Departement Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Basel, Spiegelgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
³ Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802

Journal of the American Mathematical Society, Tome 32 (2019) no. 2, pp. 445-490

Résumé

We study the problem of the optimal mixing of a passive scalar under the action of an incompressible flow in two space dimensions. The scalar solves the continuity equation with a divergence-free velocity field, which satisfies a bound in the Sobolev space $W^{s,p}$, where $s \geq 0$ and $1\leq p\leq \infty$. The mixing properties are given in terms of a characteristic length scale, called the mixing scale. We consider two notions of mixing scale, one functional, expressed in terms of the homogeneous Sobolev norm $\dot H^{-1}$, the other geometric, related to rearrangements of sets. We study rates of decay in time of both scales under self-similar mixing. For the case $s=1$ and $1 \leq p \leq \infty$ (including the case of Lipschitz continuous velocities and the case of physical interest of enstrophy-constrained flows), we present examples of velocity fields and initial configurations for the scalars that saturate the exponential lower bound, established in previous works, on the time decay of both scales. We also present several consequences for the geometry of regular Lagrangian flows associated to Sobolev velocity fields.

Détail

DOI : 10.1090/jams/913

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