Geodesic
On Morse index for geodesic lines on smooth surfaces imbedded in $\mathbb R^3$
Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Mathematical problems in the theory of wave propagation. Part 48, Tome 471 (2018), pp. 211-224 Cet article a éte moissonné depuis la source Math-Net.Ru

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The paper is devoted to calculation of Morse index on geodesic lines upon smooth surfaces embedded into 3D Euclidean space. The interest to this theme is called by the fact, that the wave field composed of the surface waves slides along the boundaries guided by the geodesic lines, which, generally speaking, give birth to numerous caustics. The same circumstance takes place in problems of the short-wave diffraction by 3D bodies in the shadowed part of the surface of the body, where the creeping waves arise. We consider two types of geodesic flows upon the surface when they are generated by a point source and by an initial wave front, for instance, by the light-shadow boundary in the short-wave diffraction by a smooth convex body. We establish position of the points where geodesic lines meet caustics, i.e. focal points, and prove that all focal points are simple (not multiple) independently upon geometrical structure of the caustics arisen. Mathematical technique in use is based on complexification of geometrical spreading problem for the geodesics/rays tube. 
@article{ZNSL_2018_471_a12,
     author = {M. M. Popov},
     title = {On {Morse} index for geodesic lines on smooth surfaces imbedded in~$\mathbb R^3$},
     journal = {Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI},
     pages = {211--224},
     year = {2018},
     volume = {471},
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     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/ZNSL_2018_471_a12/}
}
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M. M. Popov. On Morse index for geodesic lines on smooth surfaces imbedded in $\mathbb R^3$. Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Mathematical problems in the theory of wave propagation. Part 48, Tome 471 (2018), pp. 211-224. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/ZNSL_2018_471_a12/

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