Geodesic
Nonpotential geomagnetic field, Schmidt-Bauer currents and atmospheric electric current
Vestnik KRAUNC. Fiziko-matematičeskie nauki, no. 1 (2015), pp. 25-33

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According to the developing model, the nonpotential part of the geomagnetic field is due to the vertical current associated with positive charge transfer by water vapour during plant and water surface evaporation in the same direction and with negative rain current in the opposite direction. These two processes are quite irregular both in space and in time, but the total charge transfered upwards to the clouds is almost equal to the charge transfered downwards to the Earth surface. Nevertheless, these processes result in the accumulation of positive charge in the lower ionosphere at the height of about 90 km.
Keywords: nonpotential part of geomagnetic field, Schmidt-Bauer currents, rain currents and evaporation currents. 
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     author = {V. V. Kuznetsov},
     title = {Nonpotential geomagnetic field, {Schmidt-Bauer} currents and atmospheric electric current},
     journal = {Vestnik KRAUNC. Fiziko-matemati\v{c}eskie nauki},
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     year = {2015},
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V. V. Kuznetsov. Nonpotential geomagnetic field, Schmidt-Bauer currents and atmospheric electric current. Vestnik KRAUNC. Fiziko-matematičeskie nauki, no. 1 (2015), pp. 25-33. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/VKAM_2015_1_a3/