Geodesic
Can the energy of particles be negative in the absence of external fields?
Teoretičeskaâ i matematičeskaâ fizika, Tome 216 (2023) no. 3, pp. 504-518

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We study the question of conditions for the existence of negative-energy states of particles in the absence of external fields in inertial and noninertial frames of reference. We show that in the nonrelativistic case in noninertial reference frames, there always exist domains where the energy of particles is negative. We also show that in the relativistic case, the existence of negative-energy states of point particles does not lead to violations of the energy dominance condition. We consider conditions for the appearance of negative and zero energies of particles in the Milne universe and Rindler space–time.
Keywords: negative energies, Penrose effect, noninertial reference frame. 
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     title = {Can the energy of particles be negative in the absence of external fields?},
     journal = {Teoreti\v{c}eska\^a i matemati\v{c}eska\^a fizika},
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A. A. Grib; Yu. V. Pavlov. Can the energy of particles be negative in the absence of external fields?. Teoretičeskaâ i matematičeskaâ fizika, Tome 216 (2023) no. 3, pp. 504-518. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/TMF_2023_216_3_a9/