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Dynamical variable and chiral properties of the vacuum in the Schwinger model
Teoretičeskaâ i matematičeskaâ fizika, Tome 61 (1984) no. 3, pp. 419-430 Cet article a éte moissonné depuis la source Math-Net.Ru

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The Schwinger model for a system in a box is studied in the Hamiltonian formalism in the Coulomb and axial gauges. It is shown that the vacuum degeneracy in the model is a gauge artefact, and gauge-noninvariant quantities whose conservation leads to the degeneracy are specified. It is established that the dynamical variable in the model is the gauge-invariant axial charge. In the case when the vacuum is degenerate, the ground state contains a zero-mode condensate. In the limit of an infinite box, the zero mode leaves the vacuum but remains in the Hamiltonian in a separated form. 
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     author = {A. V. Kiselev},
     title = {Dynamical variable and chiral properties of the vacuum in the {Schwinger} model},
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A. V. Kiselev. Dynamical variable and chiral properties of the vacuum in the Schwinger model. Teoretičeskaâ i matematičeskaâ fizika, Tome 61 (1984) no. 3, pp. 419-430. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/TMF_1984_61_3_a9/

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