Geodesic
The fundamental groups of manifolds and Poincaré complexes
Sbornik. Mathematics, Tome 38 (1981) no. 2, pp. 255-270 Cet article a éte moissonné depuis la source Math-Net.Ru

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In this article the fundamental groups of $n$-dimensional manifolds and $n$-dimensional Poincaré; complexes with $[n/2]$-connected universal coverings are studied. Special attention is given to the case $n=3$: it is established that the fundamental groups of closed three-dimensional manifolds possess dual presentations in a certain sense, and purely algebraic conditions are found that are necessary and sufficient for a given group to be isomorphic to the fundamental group of some Poincaré; complex of formal dimension three. With the help of these conditions the symmetry of the Alexander invariants of finite Poincaré; complexes of formal dimension three is established. In the case $n\ne3$ analogous results are proved (the presentations of a group by generators and relations are replaced by segments of resolutions of the fundamental ideal of a group ring, and the Alexander invariants are replaced by their generalizations). Figures: 1. Bibliography: 18 titles. 
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     title = {The fundamental groups of manifolds and {Poincar\'e} complexes},
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V. G. Turaev. The fundamental groups of manifolds and Poincaré complexes. Sbornik. Mathematics, Tome 38 (1981) no. 2, pp. 255-270. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/SM_1981_38_2_a6/

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