Geodesic
Disclinations and hedgehogs in nematic liquid crystals with variable degree of orientation
Atti della Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti Lincei. Matematica e applicazioni, Série 9, Tome 1 (1990) no. 3, pp. 275-280.

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There is enough evidence to re-examine disclinations and hedgehogs, the singularities often observed in nematic liquid crystals, in the light of a new theory that allows for local changes in the degree of orientation.
Singolarità di linea e di punto in cristalli liquidi nematici con graào à'orientamento variabile. Si esaminano le singolarità di linea e di punto, che spesso sono presenti nei cristalli liquidi, alla luce di una nuova teoria di Ericksen in cui si ammette che il grado d'orientamento del cristallo possa variare nello spazio. 
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Virga, Epifanio G. Disclinations and hedgehogs in nematic liquid crystals with variable degree of orientation. Atti della Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti Lincei. Matematica e applicazioni, Série 9, Tome 1 (1990) no. 3, pp. 275-280. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/RLIN_1990_9_1_3_a10/

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