Nobelova cena za rok 2020: V centru naší galaxie je cosi temného a těžkého

Witzany, Vojtěch

Pokroky matematiky, fyziky a astronomie, Tome 66 (2021) no. 4, pp. 221-229

Résumé (VO)

Polovina Nobelovy ceny za fyziku byla v roce 2020 udělena Reinhardu Genzelovi a Andree Ghez za nepřímá pozorování superhmotné černé díry v centru Mléčné dráhy. Skupiny Genzela a Ghez totiž od devadesátých let pozorovaly orbitální dynamiku hvězd v našem galaktickém centru, z níž byly schopné vydedukovat přítomnost nesmírně hmotného a kompaktního tělesa, které hvězdy přitahuje. K tomu ale nejdříve musely vyvinout nové techniky pozorování, například tzv. adaptivní optiku, či mít "štěstí na hvězdy", které černou díru obíhají. To vše, včetně nejnovějšího vývoje v pozorování z roku 2018, je shrnuto v tomto článku.

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