On $F$-semigroups with three generators
Matematičeskie zametki, Tome 14 (1973) no. 2, pp. 267-277.

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All $F$-semigroups (i.e., semigroups isomorphic to finitely generated subsemigroups of a free semigroup) with three generators are finitely defined. The necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for which the equation in the words $Z^n=\varphi(X,Y)$ has a nontrival solution.
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     author = {L. G. Budkina and A. A. Markov},
     title = {On $F$-semigroups with three generators},
     journal = {Matemati\v{c}eskie zametki},
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L. G. Budkina; A. A. Markov. On $F$-semigroups with three generators. Matematičeskie zametki, Tome 14 (1973) no. 2, pp. 267-277. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/MZM_1973_14_2_a12/