Geodesic
Construction and Verification of PLC LD-programs by LTL-specification
Modelirovanie i analiz informacionnyh sistem, Tome 20 (2013) no. 6, pp. 78-94

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An approach to construction and verification of PLC LD-programs for discrete problems is proposed. For the specification of the program behavior, we use the linear-time temporal logic LTL. Programming is carried out in the LD-language (Ladder Diagram) according to an LTL-specification. The correctness analysis of an LTL-specification is carried out by the symbolic model checking tool Cadence SMV. A new approach to programming and verification of PLC LD-programs is shown by an example. For a discrete problem, we give a LD-program, its LTL-specification and an SMV-model. The purpose of the article is to describe an approach to programming PLC, which would provide a possibility of LD-program correctness analysis by the model checking method. Under the proposed approach, the change of the value of each program variable is described by a pair of LTL-formulas. The first LTL-formula describes situations which increase the value of the corresponding variable, the second LTL-formula specifies conditions leading to a decrease of the variable value. The LTL-formulas (used for specification of the corresponding variable behavior) are constructive in the sense that they construct the PLC-program (LD-program), which satisfies temporal properties expressed by these formulas. Thus, the programming of PLC is reduced to the construction of LTL-specification of the behavior of each program variable. In addition, an SMV-model of a PLC LD-program is constructed according to LTL-specification. Then, the SMV-model is analysed by the symbolic model checking tool Cadence SMV.
Keywords: programmable logic controllers, software engineering, specification and verification of PLC-programs, Ladder Diagram. 
@article{MAIS_2013_20_6_a5,
     author = {E. V. Kuzmin and V. A. Sokolov and D. A. Ryabukhin},
     title = {Construction and {Verification} of {PLC} {LD-programs} by {LTL-specification}},
     journal = {Modelirovanie i analiz informacionnyh sistem},
     pages = {78--94},
     publisher = {mathdoc},
     volume = {20},
     number = {6},
     year = {2013},
     language = {ru},
     url = {http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/MAIS_2013_20_6_a5/}
}
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E. V. Kuzmin; V. A. Sokolov; D. A. Ryabukhin. Construction and Verification of PLC LD-programs by LTL-specification. Modelirovanie i analiz informacionnyh sistem, Tome 20 (2013) no. 6, pp. 78-94. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/MAIS_2013_20_6_a5/