Geodesic
Japanese Astronomy Curriculum in Schools and the Spatial Cognitive Ability of Elementary and Junior High School Students
Journal for geometry and graphics, Tome 22 (2018) no. 1, pp. 139-147.

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In 1998 Japanese astronomy classes were shifted from grade 7 to grade 9, as advanced spatial cognition is required to understand astronomy. Consequently, students didn't learn astronomy from grade 5 to grade 8 because of this change. H. Agata [Science education collapse, Astronomy Monthly Report 97 (2004) 726--736] reported that elementary school students had low recognition of astronomical events. However, detailed data was insufficient to consider this impact on the spatial cognition of students. The major aims of this study are to provide a comparison of the spatial cognition of elementary and junior high school students in 1985 and 2007, and to study the impact based on the difference of the astronomy curriculum. This study investigates the spatial cognition of 1968 students from grade 4 to grade 9, specifically, the relationship between the age when astronomy was learned and the understanding of the hemispherical concept, the left-right concept and the spherical concept. A paper test was used, asking what some spheres would look like in a dark room with a single bright light source.
Classification : 97M50, 85-01, 97G80
Mots-clés : Hemispherical concept, left-right concept, spherical concept, moon phases 
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     author = {D. Okada and T. Matsuura },
     title = {Japanese {Astronomy} {Curriculum} in {Schools} and the {Spatial} {Cognitive} {Ability} of {Elementary} and {Junior} {High} {School} {Students}},
     journal = {Journal for geometry and graphics},
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D. Okada; T. Matsuura . Japanese Astronomy Curriculum in Schools and the Spatial Cognitive Ability of Elementary and Junior High School Students. Journal for geometry and graphics, Tome 22 (2018) no. 1, pp. 139-147. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/JGG_2018_22_1_JGG_2018_22_1_a12/