Geodesic
Spectral bounds for the zero forcing number of a graph
Discussiones Mathematicae. Graph Theory, Tome 44 (2024) no. 3, pp. 971-982

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Let Z(G) be the zero forcing number of a simple connected graph G. In this paper, we study the relationship between the zero forcing number of a graph and its (normalized) Laplacian eigenvalues. We provide the upper and lower bounds on Z(G) in terms of its (normalized) Laplacian eigenvalues, respectively. Our bounds extend the existing bounds for regular graphs.
Keywords: zero forcing number, eigenvalue, bound 
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Chen, Hongzhang; Li, Jianxi; Xu, Shou-Jun. Spectral bounds for the zero forcing number of a graph. Discussiones Mathematicae. Graph Theory, Tome 44 (2024) no. 3, pp. 971-982. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/DMGT_2024_44_3_a8/