Geodesic
Outpaths of Arcs in Regular 3-Partite Tournaments
Discussiones Mathematicae. Graph Theory, Tome 41 (2021) no. 4, pp. 893-904

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Guo [Outpaths in semicomplete multipartite digraphs, Discrete Appl. Math. 95 (1999) 273–277] proposed the concept of the outpath in digraphs. An outpath of a vertex x (an arc xy, respectively) in a digraph is a directed path starting at x (an arc xy, respectively) such that x does not dominate the end vertex of this directed path. A k-outpath is an outpath of length k. The outpath is a generalization of the directed cycle. A c-partite tournament is an orientation of a complete c-partite graph. In this paper, we investigate outpaths of arcs in regular 3-partite tournaments. We prove that every arc of an r-regular 3-partite tournament has 2- (when r ≥ 1), 3- (when r ≥ 2), and 5-, 6-outpaths (when r ≥ 3). We also give the structure of an r-regular 3-partite tournament D with r ≥ 2 that contains arcs which have no 4-outpaths. Based on these results, we conjecture that for all k ∈ 1, 2, . . ., r − 1, every arc of r-regular 3-partite tournaments with r ≥ 2 has (3k − 1)- and 3k-outpaths, and it has a (3k + 1)-outpath except an r-regular 3-partite tournament.
Keywords: multipartite tournament, regular 3-partite tournament, out-paths 
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     author = {Guo, Qiaoping and Meng, Wei},
     title = {Outpaths of {Arcs} in {Regular} {3-Partite} {Tournaments}},
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Guo, Qiaoping; Meng, Wei. Outpaths of Arcs in Regular 3-Partite Tournaments. Discussiones Mathematicae. Graph Theory, Tome 41 (2021) no. 4, pp. 893-904. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/DMGT_2021_41_4_a2/