Autonomy of Geometry
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia, Tome 11 (2019) no. 1, pp. 5-24.

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In this paper we present three aspects of the autonomy of geometry. (1) An argument for the geometric as opposed to the ‘geometric algebraic’ interpretation of Euclid’s Books I and II; (2) Hilbert’s successful project to axiomatize Euclid’s geometry in a first order geometric language, notably eliminating the dependence on the Archimedean axiom; (3) the independent conception of multiplication from a geometric as opposed to an arithmetic viewpoint.
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Baldwin, John T.; Mueller, Andreas. Autonomy of Geometry. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia, Tome 11 (2019) no. 1, pp. 5-24. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/item/AUPCDM_2019_11_1_a0/