Geodesic
On the genesis of symbolic dynamics as we know it
Ethan M. Coven1 ; Zbigniew H. Nitecki2
1 Department of Mathematics Wesleyan University Middletown, CT 06459, U.S.A.
2 Department of Mathematics Tufts University Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A.
Colloquium Mathematicum, Tome 110 (2008) no. 2, pp. 227-242.

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We trace the beginning of symbolic dynamics—the study of the shift dynamical system—as it arose from the use of coding to study recurrence and transitivity of geodesics. It is our assertion that neither Hadamard's 1898 paper, nor the Morse-Hedlund papers of 1938 and 1940, which are normally cited as the first instances of symbolic dynamics, truly present the abstract point of view associated with the subject today. Based in part on the evidence of a 1941 letter from Hedlund to Morse, we place the beginning of symbolic dynamics in a paper published by Hedlund in 1944.
DOI : 10.4064/cm110-2-1
Keywords: trace beginning symbolic dynamics study shift dynamical system arose coding study recurrence transitivity geodesics assertion neither hadamards paper nor morse hedlund papers which normally cited first instances symbolic dynamics truly present abstract point view associated subject today based part evidence letter hedlund morse place beginning symbolic dynamics paper published hedlund

Ethan M. Coven 1 ; Zbigniew H. Nitecki 2

1 Department of Mathematics Wesleyan University Middletown, CT 06459, U.S.A.
2 Department of Mathematics Tufts University Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A. 
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Ethan M. Coven; Zbigniew H. Nitecki. On the genesis of symbolic dynamics
 as we know it. Colloquium Mathematicum, Tome 110 (2008) no. 2, pp. 227-242. doi : 10.4064/cm110-2-1. http://geodesic.mathdoc.fr/articles/10.4064/cm110-2-1/

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